Childhood Trauma, Peer Influence, and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Deviant Behaviour among In-School Adolescents in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the predictive influence of childhood trauma, peer influence, and self-esteem on deviant behaviour among in-school adolescents in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 192 adolescents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from four public secondary schools. Data were collected using standardized instruments, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Peer Influence Scale (PIS), and the Deviant Behaviour Inventory (DBI). Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that all predictor variables were significantly associated with deviant behaviour. Childhood trauma showed the strongest positive correlation with deviant behaviour (r = .56, p < 0.01), followed by peer influence (r = .52, p < 0.01), while self-esteem had a significant negative correlation (r = –.48, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that childhood trauma, peer influence, and self-esteem jointly accounted for 48% of the variance in deviant behaviour (R = .69, R² = .48, F(3,188) = 57.32, p < .001). Relative contributions showed that childhood trauma was the strongest predictor (β = .39, t = 6.83, p < .001), followed by peer influence (β = .34, t = 5.14, p < .001), and self-esteem (β = –.28, t = –4.83, p < .001). These findings highlight the interplay of adverse experiences, social influences, and psychological resources in shaping adolescent behaviour. The study recommends trauma-informed school programs, peer mentoring initiatives, and interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem to reduce deviant behaviour among adolescents.